hole injection การใช้

• In organic light-emitting diodes, ITO is used as the anode ( hole injection layer ).
• The next major step towards the technological exploitation of the phenomenon of electron and hole injection into a non-crystalline organic semiconductor was the work by Tang and Van Slyke.
• However, unlike n-DSCs, fast charge recombination following dye-sensitized hole injection usually resulted in low photocurrents in p-DSC and thus hampered the efficiency of the overall device.
• A typical conductive layer may consist of PEDOT : PSS as the HOMO level of this material generally lies between the workfunction of ITO and the HOMO of other commonly used polymers, reducing the energy barriers for hole injection.
• With the success of hydraulic fracturing, also referered to as drag reducing properties on water to decrease frictional pressure losses, thereby maximizing bottom hole injection pressures allowing for a higher pressure from the same number of pump trucks.
• Researchers have found that using dyes comprising a perylenemonoimid ( PMI ) as the acceptor and an oligothiophene coupled to triphenylamine as the donor greatly improve the performance of p-DSC by reducing charge recombination rate following dye-sensitized hole injection.
• Attractive fields for current and potential utilization of polyaniline is in antistatics, charge dissipation or electrostatic dispersive ( ESD ) coatings and blends, electromagnetic interference shielding ( EMI ), anticorrosive coatings, hole injection layers, transparent conductors, indium tin oxide replacements, actuators, chemical vapor and solution based sensors, electrochromic coatings ( for color change windows, mirrors etc . ), PEDOT-PSS replacements, toxic metal recovery, catalysis, fuel cells and active electronic components such as for non-volatile memory.